Cyanide is a chemical compound composed of carbon and nitrogen (CN⁻). It exists in both gaseous and solid forms, such as potassium cyanide (KCN), and is considered a highly toxic substance that acts rapidly on the human body.
The primary mechanism of cyanide toxicity is its ability to block the body’s use of oxygen at the cellular level. This prevents cells from producing energy, even when oxygen is present in the bloodstream. As a result, vital organs such as the brain and heart are affected very quickly.
Symptoms of Cyanide Poisoning
Early symptoms may include dizziness, rapid breathing, nausea, and vomiting. In some cases, a bitter almond-like odor may be noticeable, although not everyone can detect it. Severe exposure can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, cardiac arrest, and death within a short period of time.
First Aid Measures
If cyanide exposure is suspected, immediately move the affected person to a well-ventilated area away from the source of the toxin. Call emergency medical services right away (for example, dial 1669 in Thailand). If the person is not breathing, perform CPR if trained to do so. Avoid direct contact with the substance and carefully remove any contaminated clothing.
Precautions
Cyanide must be handled under strict safety regulations. Proper protective equipment (PPE) is essential when working with it, and it should never be used without appropriate knowledge or supervision.
Although cyanide has industrial applications—such as metal extraction and chemical manufacturing—its extreme toxicity requires the highest level of caution in handling and use.
