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“Factory Wastewater Can Kill Aquatic Life Without Any Toxic Chemicals”
Three Critical Numbers That Determine Whether Water “Lives” or “Dies”
Many people believe industrial wastewater is dangerous only because it contains toxic chemicals. However, the more alarming reality is that even wastewater from ordinary food-processing factories can destroy aquatic ecosystems within hours.
When wastewater has a high BOD level, microorganisms consume oxygen in the water so rapidly that aquatic animals suffocate and die — even when there is not a single drop of toxic substance present.
This is why the Department of Industrial Works requires every factory to monitor three key wastewater parameters before discharge:
• BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) — measures biological pollution load
• COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) — measures total chemical pollution load
• SS (Suspended Solids) — measures solid particles suspended in water
Each parameter reflects a different dimension of environmental risk, and all three standards must be met simultaneously. Passing only one parameter is not considered compliant.
